Chapter 1: Introduction to 3D Printing and Water Movement

It's common knowledge that keeping water contained in a vessel with a hole is quite the challenge. From damaged garden hoses to leaking pipes, we often witness water escaping through any available opening. However, at a sufficiently small scale, the situation may be different.

Recent advancements in 3D printing have led to the development of a groundbreaking technology capable of transporting water through a perforated structure without leaks, as detailed in a study published in June 2021. This innovative approach takes advantage of water’s surface tension—the phenomenon that allows water molecules to adhere to one another. At a minuscule scale, surface tension can overpower gravity, enabling the liquid to remain cohesive.

Researchers drew inspiration from plants that utilize surface tension to transport water upward, defying gravity. This natural process, known as capillary action, is vital for trees as it facilitates the movement of water from roots to leaves without the need for pumps or muscular systems. This same principle is also evident in moisture-wicking fabrics and the absorption capabilities of paper towels.

Section 1.1: The Role of 3D Printing Technology

Recent advancements in 3D printing technology have made it feasible to create intricate, tiny structures. These structures consist of open-sided cubic cells measuring just 1 millimeter in length. By stacking hundreds of these cells into a framework, researchers can enable liquids to ascend through the structure up to three times more efficiently than in a traditional closed tube. By manipulating the design, size, and density of these cells, scientists can “program” the flow of water along designated pathways, such as spirals. Furthermore, different materials can be incorporated during printing to control the conductivity of various areas.

Subsection 1.1.1: Potential Applications of the Technology

The potential applications for this technology are vast. In numerous industrial processes, the efficiency of liquid utilization is often tied to the surface area exposed to the environment. Since liquids typically require containment, maximizing surface area has been a challenge. However, with the introduction of these open-sided cells, significantly more of the liquid's surface can be exposed, enhancing its capacity for functions such as carbon dioxide absorption or thermal regulation.

Section 1.2: Impacts on Various Industries

This innovative technology could yield considerable benefits across various sectors. It promises to enhance the cooling efficiency of energy-intensive systems, such as computer servers, which are increasingly prevalent. Additionally, it could optimize the absorption of waste carbon dioxide. In the context of space, where gravity does not impede fluid movement, these structures could facilitate extremely efficient liquid transport.

Chapter 2: Nature's Blueprint

Plants have effectively utilized this technology for millions of years; humans are only just beginning to unlock its potential. This advancement may lead to significant improvements in our world.

This video showcases the process of 3D printing pipes using Blender 2.9, highlighting the ease with which structures can be designed for efficient water transport.

In this video, learn about a unique method to 3D print floating holes without the need for supports, demonstrating an innovative approach to enhancing fluid dynamics.